Improve:
	Generally, IPMCs in alkali metal cations will show electrolysis when applying a high DC voltage, which is another barrier to obtain a large displacement. This undesired electrochemical reaction consumes power and may damage the electrode by producing gas. However, this phenomenon is not obvious in TBA form. Especially for Flemion-based IPMC, which can suppress electrolysis up to 3 volts. Remarkable displacement was observed is such kind of sample, as is shown in Figure, 3 volts of DC potential was applied across a Flemion-based IPMC with the counter ion of TBA. The sample bent continuously toward anode (with decreasing speed). After 3 and half minutes, its configuration nearly reached a circle.
	Disadvantage:
	The major disadvantage of TBA form is it’s slow response upon electronic stimuli. Such samples need relatively longer time to reach a certain deformation. This thus decides their low frequency and small amplitude when actuating under alternate voltage (AC).